Everything about Thomas Andrews Scientist totally explained
Thomas Andrews FRS (
December 19,
1813–
November 26,
1885), was a
chemist and
physicist who did important work on
phase transitions between
gases and
liquids.
Life
He was born in
Belfast,
Northern Ireland where his father was a
linen merchant. He attended the
Belfast Academy and the
Royal Belfast Academical Institution. In
1828 he went to the
University of Glasgow to study
chemistry under Professor
Thomas Thomson, then studied at
Trinity College, Dublin, where he gained distinction in
classics as well as in
science. Finally, at
University of Edinburgh in
1835 he was awarded a doctorate in medicine.
Andrews began a successful medical practice in his native Belfast in 1835, also giving instruction in chemistry at the Academical Institution. In 1845 he was appointed vice-president of the newly established
Queen's University of Belfast, and professor of chemistry there. He held these two offices until his retirement in 1879 at age 66.
Work
Andrews first became known as a scientific investigator with his work on the heat developed in chemical actions, for which the
Royal Society awarded him a
Royal Medal in
1844. Another important investigation, undertaken in collaboration with
Peter Guthrie Tait, was devoted to
ozone.
The work on which his reputation mainly rests, and which best displayed his experimental skill and resourcefulness, was concerned with the
liquefaction of gases. In the 1860s he carried out a very complete inquiry into the
gas laws expressing the relations of
pressure,
temperature and
volume in
carbon dioxide. In particular he established the concepts of
critical temperature and
critical pressure, showing that the gas passes from the
gaseous to the liquid state without any breach of continuity.
In Andrews' experiments on phase transitions, he showed that
carbonic acid may be carried from any of the states which we usually call liquid to any of those which we usually call gas, without losing its homogeneity. These results were cited by the mathematical physicist
Willard Gibbs in support of the
Gibbs free energy equation. They also set off a race among researchers to liquify various other gases. In 1877-78
Louis Paul Cailletet was the first to liquefy oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.
Bibliography
His scientific papers were published in a collected form in
1889, with a memoir by Professors Tait and Crum Brown.
Further Information
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